What is Computer Network and how does work Network

What is Computer Network and how to work 

Network ?

What is Computer Network?

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and other devices that are connected together to share resources and exchange data. They allow devices to communicate and share information, making it possible for users to share files, access shared resources, and communicate with each other.


There are different types of computer networks, including:


Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN connects computers and devices in a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or building. They can be wired or wireless.


Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN connects computers and devices over a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even the world. They typically use a combination of leased lines, satellites, and other technologies to connect devices.


Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A MAN connects computers and devices in a metropolitan area, such as a city. They often use a combination of LANs and WANs to connect devices.


Personal Area Network (PAN): A PAN connects personal devices and appliances, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and smartwatches, allowing them to communicate and share information.


Cloud network: A network that uses cloud computing infrastructure and services to store, manage and process data remotely.

Computer networks also have different topologies, or layouts, including a star, bus, ring, and mesh. The most common type of topology is the star, in which all devices are connected to a central hub or switch.


Computer networks also use different protocols to communicate, such as TCP/IP, which is the most widely used protocol on the Internet.


In summary, computer networks allow devices to communicate and share resources, making it possible for users to share files, access shared resources, and communicate with each other. They come in different types and topologies, and use different protocols to communicate.

How does work Network ?

Computer networks work by connecting devices together and allowing them to communicate and share resources. The specific way in which a network works can depend on the type of network and the protocols it uses. However, in general, networks work by following these basic steps:


Connection: Devices are connected to the network using cables, wireless signals, or other means. This connection allows the devices to communicate with each other.


Addressing: Each device on the network is assigned a unique address, such as an IP address. This address allows the devices to identify and locate each other on the network.


Transmission: Data is transmitted between devices on the network using packets. A packet is a small unit of data that contains the destination address, the source address, and the data being transmitted.


Routing: Packets are sent through the network using routers. Routers are devices that forward packets from one device to another based on the destination address. They determine the best path for the packet to take based on network congestion, topology and other factors.


Error-checking: Error-checking mechanisms are used to ensure that the data is transmitted accurately. The checksums and other methods are used to detect errors in the data and request retransmission if necessary.


receipt: The destination device receives the packet and processes the data.


Flow control: The network uses flow control mechanisms to regulate the amount of data that is transmitted at any given time. This is done to avoid overloading the network and ensure that all devices have a fair chance to transmit data.

Security: Network security measures such as firewalls, encryption, and access controls are used to protect the network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.

It's important to note that this is a simplified explanation of how networks work. The specific mechanisms and protocols used can vary depending on the type of network and the devices connected to it.

History of Network :

The history of computer networks can be traced back to the early days of electronic computers. The first electronic computers were large and expensive, and were primarily used for scientific and military applications. As the technology progressed, the need for connecting these computers together to share resources and information became increasingly important.


One of the earliest examples of a computer network was the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, developed in the 1950s for the United States Air Force. SAGE used a network of computers to track and control the country's air defense system.


In the 1960s, the Department of Defense developed the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), which was the first operational packet switching network. ARPANET was the precursor to the modern Internet and was used primarily for research and communication among government agencies and universities.


In the 1970s, the National Physical Laboratory Network (NPL) in the UK developed a packet-switching network that was used for research and experimentation. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) also developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, which is a framework for network communication.


In the 1980s, the Internet Protocol (IP) was developed, which is the primary protocol used for communication on the Internet. In 1983, ARPANET split into two networks, the Internet and the MILNET (Military Network), which was used for military communication.


In the 1990s, the World Wide Web (WWW) was developed, which made it possible for users to access and share information on the Internet using a web browser. The popularity of the Internet grew rapidly, and it became an essential tool for communication, business, and entertainment.

Today, computer networks are an integral part of our lives, and they come in many forms such as LAN, WAN, PAN, and Cloud network. The internet has become a global network connecting millions of devices and people worldwide. Network technologies and protocols have also advanced rapidly, leading to the development of faster, more reliable and more secure networks.

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